Ophthalmoplegia, a condition marked by paralysis or weakness of extraocular muscles, leads to impaired eye movement and associated visual disturbances. This comparative review focuses on ophthalmoplegia through detailed case studies, aiming t Read more

Serum protein electrophoresis on agarose gel membrane is a versatile protein fraction separation technique that can be applied to many analyses, especially in clinical laboratories. The development of serum protein electrophoresis examination Read more

Infertility is one of the most serious and growing problems in the world. Numerous external and internal factors can lead to male infertility. Although a basal level of free radicals produced is essential for sperm capacitation, hyperactivati Read more

COVID-19 has been associated with coagulopathy, characterized by elevated levels of specific haemostatic markers. Understanding these markers is crucial for assessing disease severity and guiding treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the serum l Read more

Background: Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI), characterized by the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the absence of  detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), poses a significant public health challe Read more

Hepatitis B virus infection is a major health problem around the world due to its serious effects on the liver. The current study, which lasted from January to October 2024, aimed to determine the genotype of hepatitis B virus, found that the geno Read more

IFN- γ used as a marker to know the suppression or development of disease of lung cancer, 200 samples were collected from lung cancer disease patients, where all cases of the disease were collected from the center of Middle Euphrat Read more

Osteoporosis (OP) is a bone metabolic disorder, has an insidious, silent course, first diagnosed when a fracture occurs, can cause disability and may reduce patient’s quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence an Read more

Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and creatinine levels are essential biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring kidney function. Understanding sociodemographic influences on these biomarkers can guide preventive and treatment strategi Read more

The literature on the connection between dyslipidemia, clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism is critically analyzed in this narrative review. These conditions are frequently observed among adult populations and various studies and meta-anal Read more