Author Guidelines

The Journal of Business and Cultural Studies welcomes original, high-quality scholarly contributions that are relevant to its aims and scope. Manuscripts should present clear, accurate, and sufficiently detailed research, analysis, review, or scholarly discussion appropriate to the selected article type.
Manuscript length is not restricted by the journal, provided that the content is clear, coherent, scientifically or academically appropriate, and sufficiently detailed for evaluation.

Free Format Submission

The journal offers a Free Format Submission option to simplify the initial submission process.

Required Sections

Authors should include the following sections, as applicable to the article type and nature of the work:
Author Information
Abstract
Keywords
Introduction
Literature Review or Background, where appropriate
Materials and Methods / Methodology, where applicable
Results / Findings, where applicable
Discussion
Conclusions
Funding Information
Author Contributions
Conflict of Interest Statement
Ethical Statement, where applicable
Data Availability Statement, where applicable
Acknowledgements, where applicable
Strict formatting is not required at the initial submission stage. Authors may use any clear and consistent formatting style, provided that the manuscript is logically organized and the scientific or scholarly content can be properly evaluated.
The required structure may vary according to the subject area and article type.

Formatting After Acceptance

Once a manuscript is accepted, or when requested during the revision and production process:
Authors may be requested to provide an editable source file in Microsoft Word or LaTeX format.
The journal's editorial or production team may format the manuscript according to the journal's publication style and technical requirements.
Authors may be asked to correct formatting, references, figures, tables, metadata, or other publication information before publication.
This free-format approach allows authors to focus primarily on the scholarly content during submission while ensuring that accepted articles meet the journal's publication standards.

Submission Files

Authors may be requested to provide the following files during submission:
Original Manuscript — PDF or editable Word/LaTeX file.
Cover Letter — optional.
Potential Reviewer Suggestions — optional.
Supplementary Materials — where applicable.
Reporting Checklist — where applicable.
Supporting Documents — where required by the study or article type.
The exact file requirements may vary according to the journal and article type.

LaTex template

Sample LaTex template file: Download LaTex here.

Submission Process

Manuscripts should be submitted through the journal's designated online submission system.
Throughout the submission and peer-review process, the manuscript remains under the responsibility of the submitting author, who is normally the corresponding author.
The submitting author must ensure that:
all appropriate co-authors have been included;
all listed authors have approved the submitted manuscript;
the manuscript is not simultaneously under consideration by another journal;
the information supplied during submission is accurate;
applicable ethical requirements have been satisfied;
relevant declarations have been provided; and
all authors are aware of and agree to the journal's publication policies.

Manuscript Preparation

General Considerations

Manuscripts submitted to the journal should be original and should not be under consideration for publication elsewhere.
A manuscript that has already been published in substantially the same form should not normally be submitted as a new article.
Authors should disclose relevant prior dissemination, conference presentations, preprints, datasets, or related publications where these may affect the originality or interpretation of the submission.
Authors should select the article type that most appropriately reflects the content and purpose of the manuscript.

Article Types

The journal may consider the following article types, depending on its aims and scope:

Original Research Article

Original Research Articles present original research, analysis, experiments, observations, surveys, modelling, computational work, theoretical developments, or other scholarly investigations.
The manuscript should provide sufficient information about the methods, analysis, results, and interpretation to permit appropriate evaluation.

Review Article

Review Articles provide a comprehensive or critical analysis of existing knowledge on a defined topic.
Systematic reviews, scoping reviews, meta-analyses, and other structured reviews should follow appropriate reporting standards applicable to the review methodology.

Brief Report / Short Communication

Brief Reports or Short Communications present concise findings, preliminary results, methodological developments, focused analyses, or other significant contributions that can be communicated in a shorter format.

Case Study / Case Report

Case Studies or Case Reports may describe a particular case, organization, system, event, application, clinical situation, field observation, or other focused subject where appropriate to the journal's scope.
Where a case involves human participants, animals, confidential information, or identifiable data, applicable ethical and consent requirements must be followed.

Technical Note / Methodological Article

Technical Notes or Methodological Articles may describe new techniques, procedures, computational methods, analytical methods, instruments, protocols, or methodological improvements relevant to the journal.

Letter to the Editor

Letters to the Editor may provide concise scholarly comments on articles published in the journal or discuss relevant developments within the journal's field.

Editorial

Editorials are concise scholarly or professional discussions of significant issues relevant to the journal and may be invited by the Editor-in-Chief or editorial team.

Commentary / Perspective

Commentaries and Perspectives may provide informed discussion, critical analysis, conceptual viewpoints, or emerging perspectives relevant to the journal's aims and scope.
The availability of particular article types may vary by journal.

Title and Abstract

The title should be concise, informative, and accurately reflect the content of the manuscript.
Authors should provide an abstract where appropriate. The abstract should accurately summarize the purpose, methods, principal findings, and conclusions of the work.
Structured abstracts may be used where appropriate to the study design or article type.
Authors should provide relevant keywords that accurately represent the subject matter of the manuscript.

Author Information

Authors should provide accurate information for all contributors, including:
Full name
Department or organizational unit, where applicable
Institutional affiliation
City
Country
Email address of the corresponding author
ORCID iD, where available
Authors are responsible for ensuring that names, affiliations, and contact information are accurate at the time of submission.

Authorship

Authorship should reflect substantial contributions to the conception, design, conduct, analysis, interpretation, or other substantive aspects of the work.
All listed authors should have made a meaningful contribution to the manuscript and should have participated sufficiently to take responsibility for the appropriate parts of the work.
Individuals who contributed to the work but do not meet the criteria for authorship should be acknowledged where appropriate.
Authors should follow recognized authorship principles applicable to their discipline.
For biomedical and health-related research, authors are encouraged to follow the relevant ICMJE recommendations.

Changes to Authorship

Requests to add, remove, or change the order of authors after submission must be submitted to the editorial office with an explanation and appropriate confirmation from the affected authors.
The journal may suspend editorial processing until the authorship issue has been resolved.

ORCID iD

Providing an ORCID iD for the corresponding author is mandatory at submission.
ORCID iDs for all co-authors are strongly recommended to improve author identification and attribution of scholarly work.
Authors who do not have an ORCID iD are encouraged to register for one before submission.

Research Ethics

Authors must comply with all applicable ethical requirements relevant to their research.
Where research involves human participants, animals, identifiable personal information, human biological materials, field studies, sensitive data, or other ethically regulated activities, authors must provide appropriate ethical information.
Where applicable, the manuscript should identify:
the relevant ethics committee or institutional review board;
approval/reference number;
informed-consent procedures;
applicable ethical standards; and
any relevant limitations or ethical considerations.
If formal ethical approval was not required, authors should provide an appropriate explanation where relevant.
The specific ethical requirements depend on the subject area, research design, jurisdiction, and applicable institutional or professional standards.

Informed Consent

Where required, authors must obtain appropriate informed consent from participants.
For manuscripts containing identifiable personal information, photographs, case details, interviews, or other potentially identifying material, authors must comply with applicable consent and privacy requirements.

Reporting Guidelines

Authors should follow internationally recognized reporting standards appropriate to the study design and subject area.
Examples include:
CONSORT – Randomized Controlled Trials
STROBE – Observational Studies
PRISMA – Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
CARE – Case Reports
STARD – Diagnostic Accuracy Studies
ARRIVE – Animal Research
EQUATOR Network
Authors in health and biomedical fields may consult the EQUATOR Network for appropriate reporting guidelines.
For other disciplines, authors should follow recognized reporting, methodological, or professional standards applicable to their field.
Completed reporting checklists should be submitted as supplementary material where applicable.

Data Availability

Authors should provide a Data Availability Statement where applicable.
The statement should indicate whether supporting data are:
publicly available;
available through a recognized repository;
available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request; or
unavailable because of ethical, privacy, legal, confidentiality, or other restrictions.
Authors must not disclose confidential or personally identifiable information without appropriate authorization.

Funding Information

All sources of financial support for the research or preparation of the manuscript should be disclosed.
Where no external funding was received, authors may provide an appropriate statement such as:
"No external funding was received for this study."

Conflict of Interest

Authors must disclose financial, personal, professional, institutional, or other relationships that could reasonably be perceived as influencing the research, interpretation, or publication of the work.
If no relevant conflict exists, authors should provide an appropriate declaration such as:
"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest."
Editors and reviewers are also expected to disclose relevant conflicts of interest.
The journal may request clarification or additional information where a potential conflict is identified.

Acknowledgements

Individuals who contributed to the work but do not qualify for authorship may be acknowledged with their permission.
Authors should disclose relevant technical, editorial, statistical, research, or other assistance where appropriate.

Artificial Intelligence and Generative AI

Authors must disclose the use of generative artificial intelligence or other AI-assisted technologies when such tools have been used substantially in preparing the manuscript.
AI tools must not be listed as authors.
Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, integrity, citations, interpretation, and ethical compliance of their manuscript, including content generated or assisted by AI tools.
AI tools must not be used to fabricate data, results, references, images, citations, or other scholarly information.
Where applicable, authors should disclose the use of AI tools and describe the general nature or purpose of the assistance.
The use of AI-assisted technologies does not transfer responsibility for the manuscript from the authors to the AI system.
The journal may also use AI-assisted technologies in editorial and publishing workflows where appropriate, subject to confidentiality, privacy, and ethical requirements.

Reference Style

References should be accurate, complete, and consistently formatted.
Unless otherwise specified by the individual journal, references may use numbered citations in square brackets, for example:
[1], [1–3], or [1,3].
Reference numbers should normally appear before punctuation.
Examples:
[1] A. M. Ostrowski. Solutions of Equations and System of Equations. Academic Press, New York, 1960.
[2] D. K. R. Babajee, K. Madhu, and J. Jayaraman. A family of higher order multi-point iterative methods based on power mean for solving nonlinear equations. Afr. Mat., 27(5):865–876, 2016.
[3] K. Madhu. Some New Higher Order Multi-Point Iterative Methods and Their Applications to Differential and Integral Equation and Global Positioning System. PhD thesis, Pondicherry University, 2016.
Authors should verify all bibliographic information, including author names, article titles, journal names, volume, issue, pages, year, DOI, and other persistent identifiers where applicable.

Peer Review

The Journal of Business and Cultural Studies uses a single-anonymous (single-blind) peer-review process, unless otherwise stated on the individual journal's website.
Reviewers remain anonymous to authors, while reviewers are aware of the authors' identities.
All submitted manuscripts undergo an initial editorial assessment to determine their suitability for the journal's aims and scope, academic or scientific quality, originality, technical completeness, and ethical requirements.
Manuscripts considered suitable for peer review are assigned to qualified reviewers with appropriate subject expertise.
Reviewer recommendations are advisory and do not constitute the final publication decision.
The Editor-in-Chief has overall responsibility for editorial decisions and may delegate the handling and editorial decision-making of individual manuscripts to a Senior Editor, Associate Editor, or another formally designated editor with appropriate subject expertise.
The final editorial decision is made by the Editor-in-Chief or by a formally designated editor acting under authority delegated by the Editor-in-Chief.
Review and editorial decision timeframes may vary depending on reviewer availability, manuscript complexity, revisions, ethical requirements, and other editorial considerations.

Reviewer Suggestions

Authors may suggest three to five potential reviewers during submission.
Suggested reviewers should:
have appropriate expertise in the subject of the manuscript;
have no relevant conflict of interest with the authors or research;
be independent of the submitted work; and
be able to provide an objective assessment.
Authors should provide, where available:
full name;
institutional affiliation;
professional address;
email address; and
research expertise or research interests.
The editorial team is not required to select reviewers suggested by the authors and may identify alternative reviewers independently.
Authors should not recommend individuals with whom they have a close personal, professional, financial, supervisory, or recent collaborative relationship that could compromise impartiality.

Plagiarism and Similarity

The journal is committed to maintaining academic integrity and does not tolerate plagiarism, inappropriate text reuse, fabrication, falsification, duplicate publication, or other forms of research and publication misconduct.
Submitted manuscripts may be screened using plagiarism and similarity-detection software.
A similarity report is an editorial screening tool and does not by itself establish plagiarism.
Editors consider the nature, location, extent, and context of identified similarities, including legitimate quotations, references, standard terminology, methodological descriptions, and commonly used expressions.
The journal does not apply an automatic fixed similarity-percentage threshold for determining plagiarism.
Where substantial or inappropriate overlap is identified, the journal may request clarification or revision, reject the manuscript, or initiate an investigation in accordance with the journal's publication-ethics procedures.
If concerns are identified after publication, the journal may investigate the matter and, where appropriate, publish a correction, expression of concern, or retraction.

Research and Publication Misconduct

The journal may investigate concerns involving:
plagiarism;
fabrication;
falsification;
duplicate or redundant publication;
inappropriate image manipulation;
authorship disputes;
undisclosed conflicts of interest;
ethical approval concerns;
manipulation of peer review;
inappropriate research practices; and
other forms of research or publication misconduct.
Where appropriate, the journal may request clarification or supporting information from authors, institutions, ethics committees, or other relevant parties.
Editorial action will depend on the nature and seriousness of the concern and the available evidence.

Copyright and Open Access

Articles published by the journal are made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license, unless otherwise stated.
Authors retain copyright in their work and grant the journal the rights necessary to publish and distribute the article under the applicable open-access license.
Readers may share and adapt published work in accordance with the terms of the applicable Creative Commons license, provided appropriate attribution is given.

Proofs

A final proof may be sent to the corresponding author before publication.
Authors should carefully check the proof for:
typographical errors;
author names;
affiliations;
figures;
tables;
references;
metadata; and
other publication information.
Proof corrections should normally be returned to the editorial office within two to three days of receipt.
Substantive changes at the proof stage may require additional editorial assessment.

Article Withdrawal Charges

Authors should carefully consider withdrawal before submitting a manuscript.
If an author requests withdrawal after the manuscript has undergone peer review or after it has entered the typesetting/production stage but before publication, a withdrawal charge of USD 75 may apply.
The charge relates to editorial and production resources already used in processing the manuscript.
Withdrawal requests should be submitted by the corresponding author with an appropriate explanation.
Once an article has been formally published, withdrawal is generally not possible. Post-publication concerns are handled through the journal's correction, expression-of-concern, and retraction procedures.

Corrections and Retractions

The journal recognizes that different types of post-publication problems require different editorial responses.

Corrections

A correction may be issued when a published article contains an error that affects accuracy or clarity but does not invalidate the overall scholarly record.

Retractions

An article may be considered for retraction where there is reliable evidence that the published work is substantially unreliable or involves serious research or publication misconduct.
Possible grounds may include:
major errors that invalidate the findings;
fabrication or falsification;
plagiarism or substantial inappropriate text reuse;
duplicate or redundant publication;
serious ethical violations;
unreliable or manipulated data;
serious authorship or publication misconduct; or
other circumstances that materially compromise the integrity of the published record.
A retracted article will normally remain part of the published scholarly record with a clear retraction notice explaining the reason for retraction.

Expressions of Concern

Where a significant concern exists but available evidence is insufficient to reach a final conclusion, the journal may publish an Expression of Concern while further investigation is undertaken.

Editorial Independence

Editorial decisions are based on scholarly, academic, ethical, and editorial considerations.
Editorial decisions must not be influenced by commercial interests, advertisers, sponsors, authors, reviewers, or other inappropriate external pressure.
The Editor-in-Chief has overall responsibility for editorial oversight and may delegate individual manuscript handling and decision-making to appropriately qualified editors.

Submission Checklist

Before submitting a manuscript, authors should confirm that:
The manuscript is original and has not been published elsewhere in substantially the same form.
The manuscript is not simultaneously under consideration by another journal.
All listed authors have approved the manuscript and its submission.
The corresponding author is authorized to communicate with the journal.
Author names and affiliations are accurate.
The manuscript is appropriate for the selected journal's aims and scope.
References are complete and accurate.
Relevant ethical requirements have been satisfied.
Required ethical approval or an explanation of why approval was not required has been provided, where applicable.
Informed consent has been obtained where applicable.
Funding information has been disclosed.
Conflicts of interest have been disclosed.
Author contributions have been provided.
Data availability information has been provided where applicable.
Relevant reporting guidelines have been followed where applicable.
Required reporting checklists have been submitted where applicable.
The manuscript does not contain plagiarism or inappropriate text reuse.
Any substantial use of generative AI or AI-assisted technologies has been appropriately disclosed.
The manuscript complies with the journal's publication-ethics requirements.