Research Article
Evaluation of lead ion and radon into blood samples
- By Ali Shkhair Younus, Assd A. A L Hadi, Samia K. Abbas, Nibras Hayder, Taghreed N. Jamil - 28 Oct 2026
- Journal of Applied Health Sciences and Medicine, Volume: 6, Issue: 10, Pages: 67 - 75
- https://doi.org/10.58614/jahsm6108
- Received: 01.09.2026; Accepted: 20.10.2026; Published: 28.10.2026
Abstract
The current study’s objective is to develop and produce a biosensor that can identify lead and radon in the blood of cancer patients and healthy individuals at the Cancer Oncology Center in Najaf, Iraq. Both healthy individuals and various cancer patients provided the samples. A biosensor made of TRIS-HAC, Malachite green, acetic acid, and Aptamer was used to measure lead and radon, which were subsequently analyzed using a fluorescence spectrophotometer. The biosensor’s radon gas concentration was determined to be 20.552 Bqm−3. 4.376 Bqm−3 was the lowest radon gas concentration. The highest concentration of the isotope lead was found (0.0571ppm) and the lowest concentration of the isotope of lead was (0.0111ppm). It was concluded from this current study that the concentration of radon for males was higher than for females, and this study also concluded that the concentration of the isotope of lead for males was higher than for females, where the concentration of radon and lead was found. Smokers have a higher concentration than non smokers. Also, I have noticed that the concentration of radon and lead isotope in smokers is more than in non-smokers. The results of this investigation showed that lead ions and radon gas levels into the samples of blood were within the World Health Organization’s allowed limits.
Authors affiliation:
Ali Shkhair Younus (ORCID): Central Directorial Education in Najaf, Ministry of Education, Najaf, Iraq.
Assd A. A L Hadi (ORCID): Central Directorial Education in Najaf, Ministry of Education, Najaf, Iraq.
Samia K. Abbas (ORCID): Central Directorial Education in Najaf, Ministry of Education, Najaf, Iraq.
Nibras Hayder (ORCID): Department of Medical Physics, College of Science, University of Hilla, Babylon.51001, Iraq.
Taghreed N. Jamil (ORCID): Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine Sciences, Jabir Ibn Hayyan University for Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Najaf, Iraq.
How To Cite: A.S. Younus, A.A. A L Hadi, S.K. Abbas, N. Hayder, and T.N. Jamil. Evaluation of lead ion and radon into blood samples. Journal of Applied Health Sciences and Medicine, 6(10):67–75, 2026. https://doi.org/10.58614/jahsm6108