Review Article

Role of Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes in Liquid Biopsy: Novel Biomarkers for Non-Invasive Disease Detection

Abstract

Thanks to liquid biopsy, it is now possible to diagnose, predict and monitor the treatment strategy based on the analysis of components of body fluids. Scientists have examined many biomarkers lately, but the modern-day exosomes are proving to be very popular due to their stable carriage. This load is also physiologically active. Cargo includes proteins, lipids, mRNAs, microRNAs, and DNA fragments, among others. As such, because they reflect the molecular characteristics of the cell of origin closely, they are excellent sources of diagnostic and prognostic markers. The article reviews the study of biological properties of extracellular vesicles and exosomes, their biogenesis, composition, separation, and characterisation. The article explains the biomarkets industry and various applications of liquid biopsy such as detection of diseases. Different markers are explored for their ability to detect disease early, monitor the progress, and guide therapy. Despite their promise, issues remain, including uneven approaches to isolation, unstandardized protocols, and minimal clinical validation. With the advancement of bioinformatics and molecular technologies, the clinical utility of exosome-based diagnostics will likely improve and become an important tool of precision medicine.

Authors affiliation:

Tabarak Haitham abd Alameer: University of Alkafeel, Najaf, Iraq

How To Cite: T.H.A. Alameer. Role of Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes in Liquid Biopsy: Novel Biomarkers for Non-Invasive Disease Detection. Journal of Applied Health Sciences and Medicine, 6(8):42–49, 2026. https://doi.org/10.58614/jahsm687