Research Article

Endotyping Cellular and Humoral cross-reactivity among Aedes spp and Dermatophagoides spp in patients with Allergic Multimorbidity

Abstract

Background: Sensitization to panallergens is associated with allergic multimorbidity and polysensitization. Mosquito bites may produce several allergic phenotypes related to specific or combined humoral and cellular hypersensitivity endotype mechanisms. Mosquito derived debris in house dust and air also function as inhalant allergens and contain several allergens that cross-react with house dust mite allergens. Study Design: We examined retrospectively the medical charts of two cohorts of patients clinically diagnosed with non IgE-mediated multimorbidity allergic phenotypes related to inhalation of house dust and/or papular urticaria who were investigated by the Tube Titration of Precipitins (TTP) and the Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition Test (LAIT) simultaneously against Aedes spp and Dermatophagoides spp extracts. Methodology: The registered results of the TTP and LAIT against Aedes spp and Dermatophagoides spp extracts were plotted in ranges using a cascade distribution chart to illustrate the variability of the results within the first cohort. The registered results of the Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition (LAI) percentage and precipitin titration were distributed in ranges using a cascade distribution chart to outline the variability of results. The correlation between the paired assays was calculated using Pearson’s methodology and demonstrated by dispersion graphs. Results: The paired t-test indicated no significant difference between Aedes spp and Dermatophagoides spp LAIT results (p-value = 0.72). Pearson’s correlation indicated a significantly moderate positive relationship between Aedes spp and Dermatophagoides spp LAIT results: r(98) = 0.37, p-value < 0.001. The paired t-test indicated a non-significant difference between Aedes spp and Dermatophagoides spp TTP results (p-value = 0.08). Pearson’s correlation indicated a non significant relationship between TTP results of Aedes spp and Dermatophagoides spp; r(98) = 0.06 p-value = 0.55.  Conclusion: The preliminary results suggest that the TTP and LAIT may discriminate between diverse humoral and cellular immunoreactivity levels in patients with various allergic phenotypes, due to Aedes spp and Dermatophagoides spp hypersensitivity. There was a significant correlation between Aedes spp and Dermatophagoides spp cellular immunoreactivity, as evaluated by LAIT, but there was no correlation between the titration of antibodies, as evaluated by TTP.