Research Article

Assessment of Acute Toxicological Effects of 2,2-Dichlorovinyl Dimethyl Phosphate on Acetyl cholinesterase Enzyme and C-Reactive Protein in the Vitreous Humor of the New Zealand White Rabbits

Abstract

Background: Dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate), a highly hazardous organophosphate insecticide, is increasingly implicated in suicide and homicide cases globally. Forensic differentiation between true intoxication and postmortem administration remains challenging, especially in decomposed remains where conventional biomarkers degrade. Aim: This study assessed the acute effects of dichlorvos on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in vitreous humor (VH) to establish reliable  postmortem diagnostic markers. Methods: Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were divided into control (A), dichlorvosintoxicated death (DIDR; 0.5 mg/kg orally), and non-intoxicated death (NDIDR; postmortem administration) groups. VH was collected 1-hour postmortem, and AChE/CRP levels were quantified via ELISA. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p <0.05). Results: DIDR exhibited significant AChE suppression (p-value<0.05) and CRP significant elevation (p-value<0.05) between groups. Conclusion: VH AChE and CRP are specific biomarkers for antemortem dichlorvos poisoning, offering a practical tool for forensic investigations.