Research Article

Exploring the Role of Occupational Therapy in Supporting Individuals with Bipolar Disorder a Cross Sectional Study

Abstract

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and severe mood disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of mania, hypomania, and depression, often associated with persistent cognitive, behavioral, and functional impairments. These impairments can negatively affect occupational performance, social participation, and overall quality of life, even during periods of mood stability. While pharmacological management remains essential, functional recovery is frequently incomplete without comprehensive psychosocial interventions. Occupational therapy (OT) plays a significant role in addressing functional limitations by promoting engagement in meaningful activities and supporting adaptive behaviors. The aim of this study was to examine behavioral and functional difficulties among individuals with bipolar disorder and to explore the potential contribution of occupational therapy in improving daily functioning. Method: A quantitative cross-sectional study design was employed. The study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Hospital in Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. A  convenience sample of individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder was recruited according to predetermined inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and the Functional Assessment Screening Tool (FAST), completed by caregivers or parents to evaluate behavioral patterns, functional performance, and reinforcement factors across various daily contexts. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 24, including descriptive statistics to summarize demographic characteristics and functional outcomes. Results: The results revealed a high prevalence of behavioral and functional difficulties among participants. Commonly reported issues included emotional dysregulation, sleep disturbances, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and reduced participation in self-care, academic, occupational, and social activities. FAST findings indicated that many behaviors were maintained by both social and nonsocial reinforcement, suggesting difficulties related to attention-seeking, task avoidance, and environmental sensitivity. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that bipolar disorder has a substantial impact on functional and behavioral performance. The study underscores the importance of occupational therapy interventions in addressing functional impairments through structured routines, behavioral strategies, cognitive support, and environmental modifications. Integrating occupational therapy within multidisciplinary mental health services may enhance functional recovery and improve participation and quality of life for individuals with bipolar disorder.