Research Article

Comparative Study of Chronic Toxicological Effects of Dichlorvos on Lactate Dehydrogenase and Oxidative Stress Markers in New Zealand White Rabbits by Oral and Inhalation Exposure

Abstract

Background: Dichlorvos, a widely used household and public health insecticide, is known to be toxic to both humans and animals, with indiscriminate use leading to frequent accidental exposures, suicides, and homicides. Aim: This study investigated the chronic toxicological effects of dichlorvos on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and oxidative stress markers in New Zealand White Rabbits following oral and inhalation exposure. Methodology: Thirty-six two-month-old New Zealand White rabbits were divided into groups for chronic oral and inhalation studies, as well as matched controls. Ten percent of the LD50 dose of dichlorvos was administered daily for stipulated periods (0-30, 0-60, and 0-90 days). Blood samples were collected to determine LDH,  alondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels. Results: The results showed a significant increase in LDH levels, indicating tissue damage. Furthermore, dichlorvos exposure led to a significant increase in MDA, a marker of oxidative stress, and a corresponding decrease in TAC, which is duration-dependent. These findings suggest that chronic dichlorvos exposure causes an overproduction of free radicals, overwhelming the rabbits’ antioxidant defense mechanisms and leading to oxidative stress and cellular damage. Conclusion: The study concludes that dichlorvos causes a significant elevation in LDH and oxidative stress markers, along with a decrease in total antioxidant capacity, through both oral and inhalation routes of exposure, with effects showing a duration-dependent pattern.